Everything about Lophotrochozoa totally explained
The
Lophotrochozoa ("crest-bearing animals") are one of two major groupings of
protostome animals. The taxon was introduced in the 1995 in a paper by Halanych
et al based on molecular data. Molecular evidence such as a result of studies of the evolution of small-subunit
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) supports the
monophyly of the
phyla listed in the infobox shown at right.
Trochozoans produce
trochophore larvae, which have two bands of
cilia around their middle. Previously these were treated together as the Trochozoa, together with the
arthropods, which don't produce trochophore larvae but were considered close relatives of the
annelids because they're both segmented. However, they show a number of important differences, and the arthropods are now placed separately among the
Ecdysozoa.
The Lophophorata are united by the presence of a
lophophore, a fan of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth, and so were treated together as the lophophorates. They are unusual in showing
radial cleavage, and some authors considered them
deuterostomes, before
RNA trees placed them together with the trochozoans. The exact relationships between the different phyla are not entirely certain. However, it appears that neither the lophophorates nor the Trochozoa are
monophyletic groups by themselves, but are mixed together.
Other phyla are included on the basis of molecular data.
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A phylogenetic tree of the Lophotrochozoa as suggested by Dunn et al (2008)
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